Sonnys Blues in Harlem - 896 Words

Everyone is born in different times with different opportunities. Some of us have to struggle to make ends meet and others are born with money at their feet already. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† opens up in Harlem with the narrator on a bus reading a newspaper learning that his brother, Sonny, has been arrested for selling heroin. Sonny’s brother takes him in after he is released from jail. However, his brother is scared if he lets him back into his home he will fall into his old ways. Sonny’s true passion in life is to become a Jazz musician but his family doesn’t believe in what he wants to do. Sonny want’s his brother to go with him to a jazz club to see how he actually is and not just seeing him as a dope selling drug addict. At the end of Sonny’s set, he realizes that Jazz has helped Sonny to stay free and express himself. Through Marxist criticism Baldwin highlights the power struggle of the main characters and the world in which they li ve. First off, the two main characters that go through a power struggle are Sonny and his brother whom is unnamed. Sonny is an up and coming Jazz musician and his brother, seven years older, is a high school math teacher. Sonny is different than his brother because Sonny knows what he wants and he wants to give meaning in whatever he does. As Joseph Flibbert states in his article, â€Å"When Sonny begins to play the piano, initially with enthusiasm, eventually with consuming passion. He takes no lessons. He plays from the soul. The improvisationalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Racism In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin983 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Sonny’s Blue†, by James Baldwin, reflects a story of an unidentified narrator and his younger brother Sonny through their fights to overcome suffering and racism in Harlem in 1950s. The setting plays an important role in the story. The time period can be assumed to be an era filled with poverty, drugs and racial tension and Harlem being predominantly African-American. These factors seem to have a role in â€Å"Sonny’s Blue†. In â€Å"Sonnys Blues†, James Baldwin, a narrator, reflects a theme of sufferingRead MoreMusic Is Exceptionally Powerful And Meaningful To People1353 Words   |  6 PagesMusic is exceptionally powerful and meaningful to people worldwide as it serves as an expression of emotion. Authors of various literary works integrate music into their stories. In Baldwin s short story, Sonny s Blues, jazz music is an important part of the story that explores the life of one of the main characters, Sonny. During the time this short st ory was written, Charlie Parker, an influential jazz musician that is briefly acknowledged in the story, had an immense following. Charlie ParkerRead MoreJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues905 Words   |  4 Pagesentitled Sonny’s Blues. What interests me about this work is the quote, â€Å"For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we may triumph is never new, it always must be heard. There isn’t any other tale to tell, it’s the only light we’ve got in all this darkness.† In this connection, the question that I want to research is why would a man like James Baldwin represent a character like Sonny in Sonny’s Blues? James Baldwin is a man of his words through his experiences in Harlem, andRead MoreJames Baldwin s Sonny s Blues1452 Words   |  6 PagesJames Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues is a short story that, for some people, could be considered a challenging read. Not because of the level of difficulty, but for the fact that it shares a lot of human angst. However, Baldwin’s story still manages to be entertaining, as well as holding many life lessons in it. Baldwin’s story teaches lessons such as; dealing with suffering, being supportive, and accepting differences. James Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues does a noble job of relating to the readers on variousRead MoreSonny s Blues By James Baldwin Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a narration about two siblings – brothers - who choose very different routes in life in order to accomplish the zenith of individualism, expressionism and recognition. In doing so, they take a glimpse into one another’s spheres and learn to assent and appreciate each other for who they are. In 1951, Baldwin wrote Sonny’s Blues, a story of the ills that Harlem provided its youth. In Baldwin’s telling of the narration, it forms a nous of liberation, an atmosphere of therapeutic acc eptanceRead MoreRacism In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin993 Words   |  4 Pagesvictims. It is a dilemma that affects an extensive amount of people all over the world. Although racial bias has been around for many years, it only seems to be progressing into something that one simply cannot comprehend. In the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† the author, James Baldwin, emphasizes the lasting effect of racism throughout the story. While Baldwin vaguely expresses the impact of racial bias on the character Sonny, the audience infers the idea the author is trying to convey. In the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s Sonny s Blues 1578 Words   |  7 PagesJames Baldwin’s short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† was a great tale of the struggles shared between two brothers in Harlem in 1957. This story is about two African American brothers who, unfortunately, grew apart as the aged. The plot shows the struggles the two brothers faced as they grew up in Harlem, and in return, the two drastically different paths they perused. James Baldwin was an African American who grew up in Harlem in the 1930s and 40s. Baldwin was the oldest of nine children, and grew upRead MoreRacism In Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin935 Words   |  4 Pagesis a problem that an extensive amount of people are dealing with all over the world. Racial bias has been around for quite sometime now, and it only seems to be progressing into something that one simply cannot comprehend. In the short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† the author, James Baldwin, emphasizes on the lasting effect of racism throughout the story. Baldwin vaguely expresses the impact of racial bias on the character Sonny. The audience has to infer the reasoning behind what the author is trying toRead More Mending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues1292 Words   |  6 PagesMending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues According to Liukkonen, James Baldwin is well known for his novels on sexual and personal identity, and sharp essays on civil-rights struggle in the United States. Sonnys Blues is no exception to this. The story takes place in Harlem, New York in the 1950s and tells of the relationship between two brothers. The older brother, who is the narrator and a participant in the novel, remains unnamed throughout the storyRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†1549 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Amelia Williams ENG125: Introduction to Literature Instructor: Deborah Zeringue December 22, 2014 As living and breathing human beings people are bound to experience some type of conflict. Conflict can be present within a person, between two people, between a person and forces of nature, and even between a person and their society. Conflict is defined as the struggle that shapes the plot in a story (Clugston, 2014, ch.4sect.1 para.4). When reading

Advantages for Having a Dog. Free Essays

Dogs, simply put, are a man’s best friend. These animals are extremely loving and loyal. Both humans and dogs are happier when they are around each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages for Having a Dog. or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lot of dog owners make their dogs part of their family, treating them as one of their children. Numerous benefits come to owners: responsibility, companionship, mental health benefits. The top reason people adopt or bring a dog into their lives is for companionship. When I had a dog, I came home from school to find him waiting by the front door, wagging his tail in the most happy fashion. I did not know if he was so animated because he had done something in the house or he really needed to go outside to relieve himself, but it made me happy knowing he was there. Being with my dog, I never felt alone; in fact, just walking from room to room in my house, I was always followed. In a funny way, my dog was like my very own stalker or sidekick. The loyalty of dogs is amazing; they always want to be by your side, even when you have had a bad day or are just feeling down. When you bring a dog into your life, you also take on commitment and the responsible tasks of chores for your dog. My Dad always told me that in addition to playing with him, I had to learn to take responsibility for walking, feeding, and grooming our dog. Teaching me this early in my childhood showed me the importance of caring for and taking care of my belongings, as well as a living creature. Taking my dog to the park is a great ice breaker with women, since seeing that I take care of my dog shows that I can take care of my own life. When I took that step to own a dog, it affected my mental and emotional well-being. I never had that feeling of being alone, with that I was always grateful for having my companion along with me. I researched the health benefits of having a dog as a pet and being alone all the time can lead to depression by having a dog, can help cure the depressed state that you may experience. Also medically the brain releases serotonin and dopamine hormones which give moments of pleasure and calmness. I felt happier in which gave me a better mental wellness, but who wouldn’t want a lower stress level in their lives. If you are not ready to commit to taking care of an animal like a dog because it is too expensive or it is just too big of a commitment, then perhaps this is not the best plan for you. Making the decision to bring a dog into your home is life-changing, and has to be one you are ready for, like buying a new car or finding a new girlfriend. Dogs are calming, accepting animals that offer unconditional love and kindness, as well as many health benefits. So, if bringing a dog into your life is what you want, you will not regret it at all. How to cite Advantages for Having a Dog., Papers

Abcd free essay sample

In Parsons Journey the children are the only hope for Afghanistan s future. Do you agree? Children are the only hope for the future of Afghanistan because Varian and the others used to live differently than the other people in Afghanistan. One day Varian found a baby inside a bombed house and she took the baby girl along with her so that she doesnt get bored. Varian found ASPI in a cave who couldnt walk because he lost his leg in the war, ASPI scared Varian by saying that he Is holding a gun towards her and if she comes any further he will be shooting her.Still Varian as not angry or was not offended. Later on when they were friends she took care of ASPI she never use to make fun of ASPI as he Is not having a leg. Varian was a kind of girl who use to take care of everybody throughout the Journey through the villages. We will write a custom essay sample on Abcd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Varian was going through villages, one day she saw a baby crying In a house where his mother was lying beside she said the boy you are Like my brothers height. This shows that Varian was a caring natured girl even If she Is having to many hurdles in her own life. ASPI was rude. E used to shout at Varian by saying bring some food by throwing the pot towards dont like people throwing things to me. .. If you want food go get it by yourself Varian said.. . Again he shouted back saying L cant walk cant you see that? How stupid you are, even though ASPI was rude she never used to be upset about that and still took him with him as he was all alone. Moreover when use to say her plans to ASPI about how she will be escaping from Afghanistan. He said that he was coming with her, Just to annoy her, but that was not the only reason for coming with her. This character shows that she was all et that she will take ASPI and Hosannas along with him to live a better life. Her imagination keeps them going. They found a girl named Leila, she takes them to her house and she also teaches them how to get food from the mines. They decided to stay for a while Varian use to educate ASPI what she knows. When they were out of food and were all hungry she was the one to go to the village and ask for job in change of food. Her dream was to live forever happily in green valley where there will be no bombs or no mine and they will live happily ever after.

Operating Systems Essays (863 words) - Computing Platforms

Operating systems What is Operating System? An operating system is a program that acts an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs. The main purpose of an operating is to make the computer system convenient to use and user can the computer hardware in an efficient manner. An operating system is similar to a government. The components of a computer system are its hardware, software, and data. The operating system provides the means for the proper use of these resources in the operating system. Like a government, the operating system performs no useful function by itself. It simply provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work. The Operating System With Advantages and Disadvantages Nowadays, most of the computers are using the Window as their operating system. Microsoft-designed computer operating system, a program that controls the basic functions of personal computers. Windows started life as Microsofts take on a graphical user interface (GUI). Windows 3.0, Window 3.1, and Window 3.11 were the three earliest versions of Microsofts Windows operating system. Windows 95 is a major upgrade to Windows 3.1. This operating system is a true operating system and not an operating environment as were the 3.x version of Windows. Windows 95 does not require a separate version of DOS, although some DOS features are included for compatibility. One advantage of Windows 95 is its improved graphical user interface, which makes working with files and programs easier than earlier versions. Another advantage of Windows 95 is most programs run faster under it because it is written to take advantage of newer 32-bit processors and supports cooperative multitasking. Window 95 include s support for peer-to-peer networking and e-mail. Windows 95 does not include the tools for developing Internet Web pages and operating Web page server. After some times, Microsoft comes out another operating system to upgrade the Windows 95which named as Windows 98. Windows 98 is able to provide faster system startup and shutdown, better file management, support for few multimedia technologies such as digital video disk (DVD) and Web TV. Windows 98s Internet integration allows for automatic delivery of Web pages to your computer and an optional Web page-like user interface. Like Windows 95, Windows 98 can run 16 and 32 bit software, which means it can run software designed for DOS and other versions of Windows. Windows 98 comes with excellent online help specifically designed to troubleshoot gaffe with your hardware, operating system, and applications. Its called the Windows 98 Resource Kit Plus Tools Ampler. There are some disadvantages for Windows 98, it is easier for trashing or what we call hang compare to Windows 95. Microsofts Windows NT (for new technology), also referred to as NT, is a sophisticated graphical user interface operating system designed for client-server networks. Windows NT is a complete operating system but not an operating environment. The advantages of Windows NT, the capability of working with multiple CPUs using symmetric multiprocessing, preemptive multitasking and multithreading, it can support of most major networking communications protocols, and Windows NT also include the user and account system security. The disadvantages of the Windows NT are it requires more disk space, memory, and the faster processors just for the tools for developing Internet web pages and operating system. UNIX, which is also a real operating system. More than one person can run multiple applications, making it a multi-user and multitasking operating system. With UNIX, each user logs in using a login name. Optionally, the user must also supply a password. The password ensures that the person logging on with the user login name is really who she claims to be. If the computer is attached to a network, it has several other identifying items, including, but not limited to, a domain name and an IP address. UNIX will run on just about every platform made. Linux is a full-fledged operating system. It provides full multitasking in a multi-user environment. It gives a high quality of software for a cost far lower than other commercial versions of Unix. There are many advantages of Linux, it is cheap, almost all the distributions are available in their entirety as

How To Write A Mission Statement For Your Blog

How To Write A Mission Statement For Your Blog Lost your way while blogging? Thats where mission statements come in, simple maps that keep you on track without getting you bogged down in details. Mission statements arent just for huge corporations, either. They are for anyone–even individuals–who better want to understand who they are and what they intend to do. In other words, theyre perfect for your blog. A mission statement keeps  your photography blog from turning into a political blog. Its what keeps you writing when traffic is low and you think you should quit. How To Write A Mission Statement A blog mission statement reminds you why you are blogging in the first place. It helps you, your team, and even your audience understand what you are doing. Before you start writing the actual statement, though, you need to lay a foundation first. The first two steps of that foundation are very important. 1. Ask questions. You need to ask questions to help you understand what youre doing. The answers to these questions might not every be used verbatim in your mission statement, but they help you get there. Most of us operate on default setting, it seems, and we arent very mindful of why we do what we do. Why do I blog? What questions do I answer? What questions do I ask? What kinds of things will/do I write about? Why? What kinds of things do I enjoy writing about? Why? Who cares about what I write? Who reads it? Which bloggers do I admire? Why? Will I be personal about my writing? Please note that #4 and #5 are not the same question. Some bloggers write on topics they dont necessarily enjoy. Thats fine. Its a lot of work. It can be done. It takes discipline. You might get burned out. But its completely viable. Writing about what you enjoy will certainly be easier. I answered the questions for my personal blog. Go ahead give it a try! Asking these questions of myself for my own blogs, and for the blog here at , reveals different answers, because these blogs have different missions. Go ahead. Answer the questions right now. (Well wait for you here until youre done.) Once you have your answers to those questions, well need to winnow them down to what they are really telling you. 2. Extract your mission. Take a look at the answers to those questions. You are looking for the following key themes: Your motivation for blogging. This is answered by questions 1-3. Who your blog is for. This is answered by questions 4 6. What you want to become. This is answered by question 7. For example, if youre looking to make serious income, youll have chosen bloggers who are doing that. Its easier to identify bloggers we admire rather than asking outright what do I want to be because sometimes we dont answer that question very honestly. Our secret admirations do not lie. How youll do it. This is answered by question 8. Some remove themselves from their writing, with nothing personal. Business only. The writer is not present in the content. If you answered the questions truthfully (and fully), you should have plenty to flesh out these four parts of your mission statement. What did I find out for my personal blog? Why: I write because I feel compelled to write. Who: My blog is for like-interested people who want to live a mindful, introspective life. And the occasional laugh. What: I want to offer more examples and stories from literature, faith, and the arts to show that these things have a place in everyday life. How: Continuous exposure to new ideas (reading, experiences) so I can share them by interpreting them. 3. Keep it short. One to three sentences ought to do it, when it comes to mission statements. Yes, thats correct. It should be about that short. Long mission statements are easier to ignore than read. A mission statement is not a comprehensive plan. This is not where you lay out your social media strategy, or create a detailed inbound marketing plan. It is best when it is succinct and easily remembered. Its not a multi-page guide to refer to. So, how might my mission statement look for my personal blog? The mission of my blog is to encourage a thoughtful life that leads to feelings of belonging and hope in both myself and my readers by exposure to a variety of ideas, experiences, and real-life stories. Laughter is always welcome. Yours might be completely different. It might include a specific amount of money you want your blog to bring as in come each year. It might be a specific niche that you wish to speak to, and would identify in your mission statement. A mission statement should be short and sweet. Anything extra is just distraction.4. Be specific. Not once in my mission statement did I try to leverage anything. There was no paradigm shift. There were no funnels, no permission marketing, no native advertising. No jargon. Buzz words and jargon come about in an industry because insiders understand the terms. They seem appropriate, because they seem fit. But those words are ridiculous to anyone else, and they prevent even those who understand the jargon from really thinking clearly. No ridiculous language in your mission statement. Try really, really, really, really hard to keep it out. Try to find another way of putting into as few words as possible what you want to happen with your blog. When you cant use jargon, youre forced to face the big ugly monster that youve been hesitant to put into words. Instead of saying I am going to leverage my blog for financial independence you should be more specific and say my blog will bring in $40,000 a year because thats the amount that would be necessary for you to be financially independent. A mission statement is the time to write plainly, clearly, directly. You are not trying to impress anyone. You are trying to be clear. If your blog mission statement isnt understandable by the average Joe, you did it wrong.

Coordinate vs. Noncoordinate Adjectives

Coordinate vs. Noncoordinate Adjectives Coordinate vs. Noncoordinate Adjectives Coordinate vs. Noncoordinate Adjectives By Mark Nichol Whether to punctuate between two or more adjectives preceding a noun can be a difficult decision to make. Consider these points next time you are confused about what is appropriate. In the sentence â€Å"Many great artists were not recognized as such during their lifetimes,† many and great, though they are both adjectives, are not coordinate. The notion of many artists and the notion of great artists are not equivalent, because great is essential; the reference is not to any artists, but to great artists, and many modifies the phrase â€Å"great artists,† so no punctuation precedes the phrase. This is true regardless of how many adjectives precede the noun, if they are essential to describe the noun. â€Å"Many great Renaissance artists were not recognized as such during their lifetimes† does not require punctuation, either. However, if more than one adjective modifies a noun phrase such as â€Å"great artists† (or â€Å"great Renaissance artists†), or an adjective in that role is repeated, the two (or more) adjectives should be separated by a comma: â€Å"Many, many great artists were not recognized as such during their lifetimes.† Also, when we speak of a wide stone floor, we don’t punctuate the description, because the adjectives are not coordinate. Wide and stone are two ways to describe a floor, but the composition of the floor is the pertinent point, and its expanse is simply an additional detail; that’s why we wouldn’t refer to a stone wide floor. The distinction between coordinate and noncoordinate adjectives is usually clear, even if in various examples, different adjectives precede the same noun. In many cases, the noun is a standing noun phrase. Consider the noun table. If it is preceded by low, we understand that â€Å"low table† is not a standing noun phrase. (You won’t find that open compound in a dictionary, because it hasn’t acquired a permanent utility in the English language; â€Å"low table† does not conjure a uniform image in our minds.) The same is true of â€Å"long table.† Therefore, when a table is described as long and low, we write â€Å"long, low table† using the comma to signal that long and low are equivalent in modifying table: They describe two characteristics of the table. (The order in which various types of adjectives appear is fixed; see this post for a discussion of the royal order of adjectives.) However, when table is preceded by dining, we understand that â€Å"dining table† is a standing noun phrase. Though dining tables differ in appearance, the concept, as opposed to long or low tables, is precise; a table can be more or less long or more or less low, but one cannot discuss how dining it is. Therefore, long and dining, and low and dining, are not coordinate, and therefore we write â€Å"long dining table† â€Å"or low dining table† (or â€Å"long, low dining table†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsDisappointed + PrepositionEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

Comedian Russell Peters' jokes are controversial in that it is racial Essay

Comedian Russell Peters' jokes are controversial in that it is racial - Essay Example Many authors consider him a comedian using every slang term to make audience laugh at the cost of the racial identities. In the subsequent part of this paper, first race and comedy are elaborated and is followed by the analysis of the racist jokes of Peters before summarization. Race and Comedy The race based comedy is not new. In the older times, it was a part of the entertainer’s role to include openly racist stereotypes, degrading the socially deprived groups living within the community with no sign of apology. Undoubtedly, such stereotypes represented the existing realities in which certain races were clearly highlighted as superior to other races. Everyday racism exists in a wide range of interactions (Tator and Henry 27). The racist expressions involve in the many and small ways in which racism is experienced in the manifestations such as anecdotes, behaviors , racialised, sexualized and ethnicised jokes, gestures, glares and glances and in other forms of speech. And, mo st of the time, not the perpetrator but the victim painfully feels the impacts of the racially based comments. Although racist sentiments may be highlighted in less overt ways in the recent times, some racists use comedy as an ideal tool for mocking ethnic and other minorities. In this regard, Billig contends that if today there are taboos against the outward expression of racism, then the racist joke represents a way of expressing the unsayable (Humor and Hatred 285). Hutcheon argues that humor is not far from hatred, reaching at the level of unambiguous gender or ethnicity stereotypes along with requiring suspension of empathy where the victim being an object of ridicule (268). Humor consists of complex connotations. Hutcheon states that humor represents paradoxes as the utterance of humor may leave opposite pragmatic effects: what is welcomed as polemical and transgressive to some might be insulting to others and what is subversive for some may be offensive to others (p.52). This makes an analysis of ethnic humor so complex; is there a point making the joke as non-offensive? Absolutely not, the potential to offend lies within many types of humor, even if majority of the audience cannot stop roaring with laughter (Hirji 570). Analysis of Russell Peters Jokes The main function of racist jokes is to reinforce the presumed superiority of one ethnic or racial group over another (Howlitt and Owusu-Bempah 50). Without question, Peters does make audience a good laugh. However, what is the root of the racist joke? Is the joke offering difference depending upon who is the subject (Hirji 575)? Hijri quotes some lines of Peters as saying that somebody is going to get hurt real bad (575); delivered in a thick Indian accent with an aim of highlighting a mimicking fathers who threaten their children with violence and severe punishment; pertaining to his own family or to South Asians generally: This joke does highlight the issues around race and in particular cultures and its integration in a humorous way; at the same time, it does raise some questions about the domestic violence as well. In one of his famous jokes in which he speaks about the difference between Asians and South Asians saying that I think the god that making Indian people was making some kind of practical joke with all the other gods†¦. It’s hot and we’re hairy. Men and women [laughs at audience reaction]. Indian girls are getting mad, putting down their sleeves [mimics their angry reaction] ‘

Supporting Organization Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supporting Organization Strategies - Essay Example The strategies enhance the organization's competitive advantage in the market place. (Pfeffer, 1998).By implementing these strategies the companies can be sure of maintaining a good status in the market and improving in their business in spite of any odds. It is difficult for any organization to enhance or improve the human resources without the help of any specific strategy. The organizations must employ certain unique strategies that will help in the development as well as growth of the company. Human resource management comprises of various functions like recruiting the employees, maintaining the details pertaining to them and conducting training sessions. The other activities include rating of employee's performance, conducting appraisals and resolving their issues. Pfeffer's strategies have become so popular that even a smaller organization implements it to expand their business. The strategies include employment security, selectivity in recruiting and selection, self-managed teams and decentralization, high compensation, extensive training and skill development. The other strategies are information sharing and reduced status distinctions and barriers. The selectivity in recruiting and selection is important for an organization. If the employees are not selected properly it will lead to severe consequences. This can turn the situation of the organization upside down. If the company is going through a bad phase, the selection of a correct candidate can certainly improve the prevailing situation. Instead if right candidate is not chosen, the situation will get even worse and this will eventually affect the improvement of the organization. The selection of a potential candidate can change the fate of the organization. The capable employees can make a considerable difference on the present scenario of the organization. The selection of a candidate can make or break the way to company's reputation.(Pfeffer, 1998). Human resource department is responsible for the recruitment of the candidates. They have the responsibility of selecting the candidates who possess all the abilities. The selection procedure must be decided by the human resource organization. It must be effective enough to select a candidate with the right attitude and talent. The selection procedure must include different types of Recruitment is not an easy task and the organization must be prepared well in advance. The necessary arrangements must be made to select the candidates. The recruitment panel must consist of people who are well equipped and they must have the capability to select the right candidate. This strategy must be implemented in an organization to improve the company's situation. Selecting a right candidate will improve the profits of the company since the employees will work efficiently. This will also help in the improvement of the quality of the company's products. Dynamic workers will contribute to the betterment of the company and this in turn will reflect in the major work of the organization. The human resource department has to select the candidate according to the position. It depends on the requirements of the organizatio

The Influence of Technology in Business Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Technology in Business Essay Technology has changed the way the world operates and conducts business. I remember walking into an office and being impressed at how cool the receptionist was by instant messaging the person I was there to see to let them know I had arrived instead of picking up the phone and ringing their office. She received an immediate reply to have me seated and said the he would be right with me. What was really happening is that he was on a phone call but was able to multitask more efficiently due to the instant messaging software, filling the need for instant gratification. That was well over ten years ago. Today, managers can hold global staff meetings and significantly cut costs with regard to travel and expense accounts while fulfilling the new trend of being â€Å"green†. Much of corporate America now has people in telecommuting programs, and the number of people involved is continually growing. Information sharing is faster and more convenient than ever before. You never have to leave your home or book a flight out to acquire information or survey a property or even meet clients thanks to teleconferencing where you can see the other person virtually face-to-face. While there are many advantages to the new virtual office up rise there are challenges as well. Many businesses find one of the biggest hurdles in setting up the virtual office is the responsibility of providing technical support. Whereas, technically proficient employees usually improve their skills while learning on their own, those that don’t understand computers can end up costing much more because of support costs. Interestingly, IT departments are behind the virtual workplace curve: As employees overall are increasingly distributed geographically (more than 90% work someplace other than headquarters), IT departments are increasingly centralized. Telecommuting is actually considerably rarer in IT departments than in the workforce at large, (Johnson, J. , 2009). This may be causing them to miss out on a revolution that the rest of the company may be experiencing. Another hurdle that companies must face is that they must evaluate virtual workers without directly supervising them. To do this successfully, the employee must be evaluated on the quality, quantity, and timeliness of the work as opposed to the hours involved, so it is imperative that the work be specific and measurable (Roman H. Kepczyk, 1999). The demand for the virtual office is on the rise and will continue to develop and progress as companies realize the significant savings impact it can have on their budget and the increase in productivity it has been shown to have. From the employee’s perspective it also saves them money by not having to commute and buy lunch, therefore, increasing their retained income. They are more engaged due to the lack of interruptions by colleagues such as those present in a brick and mortar office setting and typically, employees use less sick leave when working from home. Reduced stress levels and a more productive and balanced lifestyle contribute the employees level of job satisfaction. An employer can save around $5,000 on cubicle and office equipment for just one employee. Telecommuting is the same thing as operating a virtual office. An employee can work from home but still communicate effectively with managers and colleagues. Employees may create a sort of â€Å"social working network† to compensate for the â€Å"water cooler† action they may miss from having human contact at the office. Judy Duplisea, a regional vice president for the company CheckFree, lives in Canton while other members of her sales and client relationship staff live in Connecticut, Maryland, Michigan, New Hampshire, and New York. They work out of their houses, connected by computers, fax machines, and conference calls in a virtual office. My group is probably tighter now than any of the groups that I was working with in regular offices, Duplisea said. We go out of our way to stay in contact with each other. You can get real lonely if you dont (Cindy Krischer Goodman, 2010). The advances in technology and business will increase the rate of global expansion of companies in general. Not having to budget money for international travel or physically exhaust employees with the act of actually traveling but being able to conduc t business effectively in over seas markets is a huge benefit to any company’s the bottom line. While business relationships should still incorporate some kind of human one-on-one contact with their clients and colleagues, businesses can communicate more effectively and more often, globally and domestically, with the increasing technological advances available to them. Clients, colleagues, suppliers and the like, are more than just a telephone call away, they are a teleconference, an email, and quite recently as demonstrated in the last presidential campaign on CNN, a hologram away.

Free College Essays - The Virtue of Truth in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter - The Virtue of Truth The virtue of truth and the evil of secret sin are clearly illustrated in the novel, The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The three main characters in this novel display their own honesty and sins. Hester Prynne exhibits the essence of truth and pride when she bravely faces the humiliation of the scaffold. In chapter 17, when Hester apologizes to Dimmesdale about concealing Chillingworth’s identity, she says, â€Å"In all things else, I have striven to be true! Truth was the one virtue which I might have held, and did hold fast, through all extremity†¦A lie is never good, even though death threaten on the other side (pg. 202)!† It is Hester’s pride, which sustains her from the beginning of the novel to the end, when she dies, still sporting the scarlet A on her bosom. Hester’s sin is the sin which gives the book its title and around which the action of the book resolves. Adultery, which was prohibited by the Seventh Amendment, was usually punished by death. A woman in the crowd stated, â€Å"At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynne’s forhead†¦She may cover it (the scarlet letter) with a brooch, or such like heathenish adornment, and so walk the streets as brave as ever (pg. 53)!† Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale shows truth by his occupation. People living in Boston, Massachusetts looked up to and respected Dimmesdale because he was a minister. One of his sins was his inability to publicly acknowledge that he committed adultery with Hester and that he is the father of Pearl, Hester’s daughter. However, adultery was not his biggest sin. His biggest sin is hypocrisy. In chapter ten, he speaks of the concealment of his sins, he says, â€Å"It may be that they are kept silent by the very constistution of their nature. Or-can we not suppose it-guilty as they may be, retaining, nevertheless, a zeal for God’s glory and man’s welfare†¦no evil of the past be redeemed by better service (pg. 137).† While trying to conceal his sins, they take over his conscience and literally confess themselves during his acts of madness. The third main character, Roger Chillingworth, is a pretty innocent man in the beginning of this book. He comes to America to be reunited with his wife, Hester, but soon comes to find out that she has committed adultery.

Ias 16 Property, Plant and Equipment

101 Ideas for Women’s Ministries Success in the church will come only when there are more ministries than programs. People don’t need more programs. They need ministries that will meet their needs where they are. 1. Check the Women’s Ministries website http://wm. gc. adventist. org for ideas 2. Buy a current Women’s Ministries devotional book 3. Plan a â€Å"Working Mothers† seminar to help women who juggle home and career 4. Be sure your church has a Women’s Ministries leader 5. Encourage diversity on your Women’s Ministries committee—age, race, education, affluence, and marital—single/divorced 6. Establish a mentoring program in your church 7. Write a devotional for the Women’s Ministries devotional book 8. Teach women how to have personal Bible study/devotions and to give a Bible study 9. Know what skills the women in your church have to share 10. Start or empower someone to start a grief support group 11. Have a ministry for women in your community who have lost a baby—stillborn or by miscarriage 12. Take time to listen when someone is hurting 13. Begin a literacy or second language program in your community 14. Begin a women’s Bible study group 15. Mentor someone personally 6. Attend a woman’s retreat 17. Help with a woman’s retreat 18. Be sure the Women’s Emphasis Day is on the church calendar 19. Teach women to do breast self-examinations 20. Be sure all women in your church know their value in Jesus Christ 21. Know what the Church statements are in regards to women 22. Be sure the Women’s International Day of Prayer is on your church calendar 23. Invite a neighbor to a Women’s Ministries event 24. Make certain your pastor understands Women’s Ministries 25. Start a car mechanics class for women 26. Disciple a new believer 27. Have a prayer chain—help women know how to pray when they get a request 28. Have an intentional reclaiming program in your church such as Heart Call 29. Have an intentional program for young girls regarding sexual purity such as True Love Waits 30. Ask your Conference to include women on the platform for all meetings at camp meeting 31. Be sure your church Women’s Ministries leader is involved on the church board 32. Ask that the Conference and Union Women’s Ministries directors are active on Conference and Union committees 33. Urge your Conference/Union to fund Women’s Ministries as other departments 34. Help your church’s Women’s Ministries to have a realistic budget and stick to it 35. Teach a Leadership Certification seminar 36. Help fund a mission project 37. Help your Women’s Ministries serve in a mission outreach 38. Receive and read the Women’s Ministries newsletter available to you 39. Attend at least one yearly leadership training seminar 40. Read at least one leadership book a year 41. Support the Women’s Ministries director over you 42. Tell a young woman about the scholarship program 43. Know your spiritual gifts and help other women know theirs too 44. Evaluate each program. Don’t get discouraged—learn from them 45. When your church elects officers and delegates, be sure women are included 46. When your Conference/Union or Division elects leaders, suggest women to be included 47. Make sure all women have opportunities to use their ministry gifts 48. Give opportunities for women to learn to speak in public 49. Help establish a women’s prayer group in your church or neighborhood 50. Help women to know the value of exercise and how to do it 51. Work closely with your pastor. Support him with your ministries 52. Fill out a data base form for the GC and invite other women in leadership to do so also 53. Educate your church board regarding all forms of abuse 54. Donate money to Women’s Ministries projects 55. Share the Women’s Ministries newsletters with your pastor, both those from your Division and Mosaic, from the GC 56. Offer 12 Things You’ll Want to Know about Women’s Ministries to your pastor and church board 57. Learn/teach parliamentary procedure 58. Give women opportunities to learn sound nutrition 59. Have a gynecologist talk to women about reproduction health 60. Help see that the women in your church have the opportunity to complete the Leadership Certification seminars 61. Have a retreat for teen-age girls 62. Have a stress reduction seminar/program 63. Have a gynecologist talk to women about menopause 64. Establish a Prayer and Loves Saves seminar series in your church 65. Start a women’s section in your church library 66. Plan and carry out a public evangelistic program 67. Prepare â€Å"Welcome Home Baby† gift baskets for new mothers in your community 68. Put the Abuse Prevention Emphasis Day on the church calendar 69. Organize a girls’ night out 70. Sponsor something special for the singles in your church 71. Pray for your pastor’s spouse 72. Send a report to your Conference and/or Union papers about what Women’s Ministries in your church is doing 73. Acknowledge the unique accomplishments of young people in your church 74. Write a note of encouragement to someone 75. Spend time with a sick or shut-in member 76. Organize helping teams to assist elderly or shut-in members with difficult tasks like raking leaves or shoveling snow 77. Report to your Women’s Ministries Conference and/or Union leader what your church Women’s Ministries is accomplishing 78. Begin a women’s prayer group to pray for your church leadership 79. Read stories in the Bible of how Jesus appreciated women 80. Sponsor a project to raise money to donate to the GC Women’s Ministries Scholarship Fund 81. Support the Women’s Ministries activities in your church 82. Have a perpetual prayer box at your church that Women’s Ministries members pray over 83. Have an afternoon prayerwalk in the community with your Women’s Ministries team 84. Have a self-defense class at your church and invite the community women 85. Host a fellowship meal and brainstorming session and invite all women in your church 86. Make quiet-time play sets for young children to use during the church service 87. Read a book about a unique woman who has made special contributions to women in society, in the Christian world, or in the Adventist Church 88. Teach or request a seminar on financial management for women 89. Attend a Women’s Ministries seminar at camp meeting 90. Have abuse pamphlets available to your church members 91. Help your local women’s shelter 92. Adopt a â€Å"sister church† in another division 93. Thank your Conference/Union president for funding and supporting the Women’s Ministries director in your Conference 94. Get acquainted with a young girl in your church and tell her that she is special 95. Learn about the history of Women’s Ministries and share this with someone else 96. Suggest that your church have a class on organization and time management and attend it yourself 97. Volunteer to give a Bible study 98. Offer to help your pastor with visitation 99. Help the women in your church understand that Women’s Ministries is not about more programs, but is about every woman being involved in some type of ministry 100. Pray for Women’s Ministries and its leaders around the world 101. Share additional ideas with us at [email  protected] adventist. org and we will add to this list

Act I Scene I of the text of Romeo and Juliet Essay

In this piece of coursework I will be comparing and contrasting Act I Scene I of the text of Romeo and Juliet and also the same scene in the Baz Luhrmann. William Shakespeare wrote the play was written between 1594 and 1596, was called Romeo and Juliet, this would be Shakespeare’s first play that ended in tragedy. The story of Romeo and Juliet was popular in Italy before Shakespeare decided to use it. Queen Elizabeth I was on the throne when it was performed. The recent versions of the play have been adapted many times because some directors have either changed the play version or have updated and rewritten the play script to appeal to a wider audience another point is that boys and men would have only been in the play until the 1660’s. The text starts after a prologue,† Do you bite your thumbs at us sir? † this is written in archaic language, this shows that William Shakespeare wrote the play during the Elizabethan times. Characters such as Gregory, Sampson, Abraham, Benvolio, Officer, Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montague, Lady Montague, Prince and Tybalt are involved in Act One Scene One, which have a result in the overall plot of the play; the two characters Gregory and Sampson are blamed for causing another brawl in the market place. However in the film the play starts the same with a prologue and then starts with the two families fighting at a petrol station. The three characters I am going to choose are Abraham, Romeo and Benvolio. I have decided to choose them because they are some of the key characters in the first act of the play and in the first act of the film. Luhrmann decides to change the name of Abraham to Abra, this is because in the modern day people would have their names shortened and it would be easier to relate to them. Luhrmann decides to dress the Capulets in Hawaiian shirts and the Montagues as cowboys. Luhrmann has decided to do this to show how the two families are totally different. The way they dress gives them their own identity. The Montagues dressed as cowboys to show that they are ruthless and aggressive however the Capulets dressed in Hawaiian shirts show that they are laid back and relaxed. Structure The setting for the play is in Italy, Verona in the early fifteen century. In Act One Scene One the play is set in Sycamore grove as well as the market place. This is where the play begins when two of the Montague family members are walking down the market place when they see a Capulet, and then they start quarrelling. The setting of Act One Scene One takes place in a petrol station where the Capulet’s and Montague’s meet, there is a small fight and bullets are exchanged between the two families. Before a car drives off and Tybalt takes out his gun and shoots the passenger in the car in the head. During the fight in the petrol station a fire was started by a match igniting petrol on top of a crack in a ground in the shape of a gross. This also showed that religion had a part in the feud. The crosses on the back of there heads showed their religion, Montagues were Protestants and Capulets were Catholics. Every serving man had a pistol with a motif, which was unique to the two families. Pistols in the film were called swords even though guns were replacing swords from the text. Pistols had distinctive motifs on them, representing what family’s they came from and whether they were protestant or catholic. The men also had their haircuts representing their families and had tattoos repenting their families too. The film is introduced to us by a series of quick photos with the characters names that introduce us to the characters. This film is very modern, you can tell this by looking at the cars and the way the people dress in Hawaiian shirts.

Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career

Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career Abraham Maslow was born in 1908, in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Jews who had immigrated into America from Russia. They wanted their children to achieve the best in the new world hence they pushed Maslow to succeed in school. Consequently, Maslow found solace only in books after developing loneliness as he grew up.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He first studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY) in a bid to satisfy his parents. He moved to Cornell after the first three semesters and then returned to CCNY. He got married to his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, despite the fact that his parents had opposed his marriage to Bertha. Maslow and Bertha got two daughters and then moved to Wisconsin for Abraham to enroll at the University of Wisconsin. While there, he gained interest in psychology as his academic work started to improve suddenly . Abraham took some time to interact with Harlow, who was credited for his studies on attachment behavior and experiments with the rhesus monkeys. He continued with his education until he received a PhD in 1934. One year after he had graduated, Maslow went back to New York to work with E.L Thorndike at Columbia where his interest to research on human sexuality continued to grow. While he taught full time at Brooklyn College, his interaction with Europeans who immigrated into the US became significant. Some of the people he interacted with included Fromm, alder, Horney and other Freudian and Gestalt psychologists. Between 1951- 1969, he was the chairman of psychology department at Brandeis. While at Brandeis, Abraham met Kurt Goldstein, author of ‘The Organism,’ who had introduced the idea of self-actualization in his book. This marked the period Abraham began his advocacy for humanistic psychology, which was very important to him. In the 1940s, Maslo w came up with one of the most remarkable hierarchies in his career, that of inborn needs. He was a professor at Brooklyn College and his goal was to understand and give explanations to the things that motivated human beings. He did this by combining approaches that existed such as behaviorist, Freudian, cognitive and gestalt approaches to make one theory. He argued that the individual approaches were comprised of reasonable points only that they did not include personality in its broader view. Maslow formulated a theory that argued that the motivation behind the actions of human beings was their needs, which he represented in the form of a five-level pyramid. The most important physiological needs were at the bottom of the pyramid while advanced psychological needs appeared as the pyramid progressively went higher. Maslow invented another field of study at the height of the Second World War, which involved the study of high-achieving individuals who were emotionally healthy. He lat er referred to them as self-actualizing individuals. He started by analyzing the characteristics of his mentors and the results of his investigations excited him.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He recorded in his diary that his thoughts on the self-actualizing man were not of ordinary men who had certain things added, but ordinary men who had lost nothing. He described average men as human beings whose powers were inhibited and dampened. Maslow conducted interviews on individuals who had achieved a lot of things and was surprised to find out that most of them had reached the peak of their lives. They had experienced instances of great fulfillment and joy. In addition, their psychological health increased their happy moments. Most of the individuals he interviewed did not share in conventional religion. The language they used to describe their happiness peaks was vi rtually mystical and was mostly associated with feelings of success and family relations. Maslow published his famous book, Motivation and Personality in 1954. It was a comprehensive synthesis of the many years he had spent advancing theories about the nature of human beings, something that had earned him international recognition. He was very optimistic about human nature and this stirred a lot of interest in the field. He used his position as the head of psychology department at Brandeis University to bring humanistic thinkers such as Victor Frankl and Suzuki to the university to give lectures. Maslow’s career continued to grow significantly in the 1960s when employers wanted to get his advice on how to motivate their workers. The approach he used on employee engagement had a significant impact on regions where new concepts were being introduced. Maslow increased the popularity of the term synergy in a bid to explain work teams where the whole was important than all its par ts. He argued that it was possible to increase the productivity and innovative capacity of employees if they were urged to fully use their strengths through challenging and exciting tasks . In 1967, Maslow suffered a serious heart attack which forced him to relocate to San Francisco Bay together with his wife Bertha because the climate was milder. Although his health continued to deteriorate, his passion for writing, teaching, consulting and interest in human potential never declined. After his death in 1970, his ideas continued to inspire many people around the world. Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs In his earlier studies of monkeys, Maslow had discovered that the degree of importance of human needs varied. For example, if a people were hungry and thirsty at the same time, they tried to quench their thirst first. It was possible for an individual to miss food for several days. Thirst was therefore considered more serious than hunger. Likewise, if a person was thirsty then go t choked such that he could not breathe, the need to breathe became important than the need to quench thirst .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Biography of Maslow and Start of his Career specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using this idea that some needs were more urgent than others, Maslow came up with the famous hierarchy of needs. Apart from the basic needs such as food, air, water and sex, Maslow expanded the category of needs and included physiological needs, esteem needs, need for love and belonging, safety and security needs and self-actualization needs. Physiological Needs These included needs for oxygen, protein, water, protein, salt, calcium and other minerals and vitamins. They also included the need to have a balanced PH and temperature. Physiological needs also comprised of the needs to rest, be active, eliminate wastes such (CO2, swear, urine) and to avoid pain. Maslow categorized such needs as i ndividual ones whose absence caused individuals to look for them. Safety and Security Needs This second level of needs came in when the physiological needs were adequately taken care of. After these needs were fulfilled, the interest of people was to look for security and protection. Physiological needs were no longer important since the focus shifted to the need for safety and security. The evident of these needs was the desire for individuals to feel safe in their neighborhoods and also have financial security in their places of work. Love and Belonging Needs After physiological and safety needs were fulfilled, the third level started to emerge. Individuals started to feel the need to have friends, children, and affectionate relationships in general. They became increasingly vulnerable to social anxieties and loneliness. The evidence of the needs for love and belonging was the desire of human beings to have families and be recognized by the community members as part of the communi ty. Esteem Needs After the first three levels were filled up, individuals began to look for self-esteem. Maslow identified a lower and a higher version of esteem needs. The lower version comprised of the needs for respect of others, status, fame, glory, attention, recognition and dignity. The higher version was characterized by self-respect needs and a feeling that they were competent, confident, free and that they had achieved. This constituted the higher version which was different from needs such as respect for other individuals. When human beings acquired self-respect, it was not easily lost. The negative side of these needs was seen through inferiority complex and sel-esteem. Maslow reckoned with the proposal made by Adler that these needs formed the basis of psychological problems. In developed countries, majority of the people did not strife to fulfill safety and physiological needs. More often, they had love and a sense of belonging. What proved difficult for them to get was some little respect.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Maslow referred to the preceding four levels as deficit or D-needs. If individuals lacked something i.e. deficit, they felt the need. But if their needs were completely fulfilled they did not have the feelings of need. This meant that they were no longer motivated to fulfill the needs because they were already fulfilled . Maslow made reference to homeostasis in a bid to explain the four levels. Homeostasis is a principle of operation used by the furnace thermostat. It switches the heat on and off depending on whether it is cold or hot. In the same manner, Maslow explained that when the body lacked a particular substance, it developed hunger for the substance. When it got enough supply of the substance, the hunger disappeared. The homeostatic principle was extended to needs such as belonging, safety and esteem. He argued that the needs were essentially survival needs which were built in human beings genetically. Maslow argued that the development of human beings generally took place in stages which were represented by the various levels. As newborns, people focused on physiological needs. After sometime, their focus was shifted to the need to be safe and secure. Soon after, they started to look for attention and affection. Later, they began to look for self esteem. When people were exposed to stressful situations or life was difficult for them, they changed to needs that were lower in the hierarchy. When individuals lost their jobs, they usually sought little attention. When people had problems in their families and their family members left them, love became their most important need during such moments. Maslow added that the same things occurred to the society. When the society suddenly got into problems, people started to look for a strong leader to lead the society and take things to their normal course. When they did not have food, their needs were more basic because food was a basic need . Maslow pointed out that sometimes human beings were required to ex plain their life philosophies. This involved asking them what their ideal world or life would be like. If people went through serious problems during their development such as extreme insecurity, death or separation of family members and neglect, it was possible for to fixate on such needs throughout their lives. This was how Maslow understood neurosis. For instance, he pointed out that people who experienced separation of their parents wee likely to feel insecure even when they got married. They were constantly afraid of being left because they felt that they were not good enough for their partners. Maslow and the Concept of Self-actualization The level of self-actualization in the hierarchy of needs invented by Maslow was a bit different. He used different terms to make reference to this level. For example, it was referred to as growth motivation instead of deficit motivation and he also named it self actualization. The needs at this level did not require homeostasis or balance. I ndividuals continued to feel them once they were engaged and were likely to become stronger once they were fed. Individuals were characterized by a continuous urge to fulfill potentials and become all that they could become. The needs basically involved individuals becoming the best they could become hence acquiring the feeling of self-actualized individuals (Franken, 2001). For this level to be attained, Maslow argued that it was important for the lower needs to be fulfilled first. If individuals struggled for food, they had to get food first, if they felt unloved and insecure, they had to look for love and security first. He pointed out that with the difficulties that existed in the world, only a small percentage of people attained self actualization. This argument raised a pertinent question of what Maslow really meant by self-actualization. In order to answer the question, he described people he considered to have attained self- actualization through a method he referred to as b iographical analysis. Maslow started by sampling a group of historical people he knew well and people he thought fulfilled the requirements of self-actualized people. Some of the people in the group were Abraham Lincoln, William James, and Eleanor Roosevelt among others. He then carefully studied the biographies of these individuals, their acts and writings and derived qualities that seemingly defined them. These were qualities that were not possessed by the rest of the common people. The individuals were reality centered which meant that they were able to differentiate fake and dishonest things from the ones that were genuine and honest. They were problem centered to mean that they looked at difficulties and problems of life that needed solutions not as troubles that required people to give up on them. They perceived means and ends in their unique way because according to them, the saying that the end justified the means was not always applicable. According to them, the means could be ends themselves to imply that the journey was more crucial than the ends. Self-actualized individuals also related with other individuals in different ways. First, they did not like company since they were happy when they stayed alone. However, they preferred deeper personal relations with selected friends as opposed to shallow relations with a large number of people. They were independent from physical and social needs and were not vulnerable to social pressure due to their nonconformist nature. To some extent, they also had mild humor since they did not want to appear humorous or crack jokes to other people. Maslow pointed out that self-actualizers had a quality he called acceptance of self and others. They accepted people the way they were instead of trying to change them to be the way they thought they were supposed to be. They directed the same acceptance towards themselves since they did not struggle to change their negative qualities. This quality enabled them to achieve spontaneity and simplicity since they did not portray themselves as different people. They always remained themselves. Further, these self- actualized individuals were respectful and had humility towards other people. Maslow described this quality as possession of democratic values which implied that they were not against individual and ethnic varieties but instead treasured them. Again, Maslow called this human kinship which was characterized by strong ethics . Moreover, this group of people was characterized by an ability to discern wonder in ordinary things, a quality Maslow referred to as freshness of appreciation. This enabled them to be creative, original and inventive. Finally, they exhibited a higher degree of peak experiences in comparison with the average people. Peak experiences were experiences that took individuals out of themselves and made them feel very tiny. Such experiences were sought after by many people because they influenced them positively. According to Maslo w, individuals who had attained self actualization were not perfect because he identified various flaws in their characters. First, he found out that they experienced moments of guilt and were anxious at other moments although their guilt was a bit realistic. Some of them exhibited signs of absentmindedness and were extremely kind. Others were characterized by unpredictable ruthlessness moments and loss of humor. The strongest qualities Maslow discovered of the self actualized individuals were that they had natural values which flowed from their personalities effortlessly. They also rose above certain societal dynamics that were deemed undeniable by other individuals. These included differences such as the ones that existed between masculine and feminine or selfish and generous (Daniel, 2001). Discussion of Maslow’s Work The contribution made by Maslow in personality theories was very significant. In the 1960s to be particular, people had lost faith in the mechanistic message s from the physiological and behaviorist psychologists. They were in search of meaning and purpose in their lives. They possibly looked for higher and mystical levels of meaning. Maslow was among the scholars who tried tirelessly to find the relevance of psychology among human beings and expounded on personality. During the same time, another movement was in place. Some of the things that inspired this movement were the same things that had turned Maslow off. They included computers and information processing, and the rationalistic theories such as the cognitive development theory developed by Jean Piaget and Linguistics by Noam Chomsky. This took root as the cognitive movement in psychology. Criticism of Maslow’s Work Although Maslow made significant contributions in the field of psychology, his work was not without criticism. The most common criticism was in relation to the methodology he used to conduct his study. It was argued that Maslow picked a few individuals he consi dered to have attained self-actualization then read about them and came up with conclusions regarding what self-actualization was. This was not credible science to most people. However, he knew this in his study and hoped that others would take over what he had started and expand his work. People were curious that Maslow who founded American Humanism had begun his career in the field of behaviorism with a strong inclination to physiology. He was not indeed a believer in science and often biology formed the basis of his ideas. The other reason why the work of Maslow was criticized was that he complicated the concept of self-actualization so much. Self-actualization had been described by Kurt and Carl Rodgers as what every living creature did including growing and fulfilling its biological destiny. Maslow limited this definition into something that was achieved by only two percent of the living things. The argument by Rodgers that babies were an apt example of self-actualization was r efuted by Maslow by saying that children rarely attained self-actualization . Maslow argued that individuals fulfilled their lower needs before they attained self- actualization. This was questioned because there were many examples of individuals who had achieved self-actualization yet their low level needs had not been fulfilled. Many known people had experienced poverty, depression, bad upbringing and other traumatizing experiences as they grew up. It was questionable if all these individuals never portrayed some form of self actualization. References Boeree, G. (2006). Abraham Maslow: 1908-1970. Web. Carducci, B. (2009). The Psychology of Personality:Viewpoints, Research, and Applications. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Daniel, M. (2001).Maslows Concept of Self-actualization. Web. Engler, B. (2008). Personality Theories: An Introduction. Washington: Cengage Learning. Ewen, R. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New Jersey: Routledge. Franken, R. (2001).Human Motivatio n. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Goble, F. (2004). The Third Force: The Psychology of Abraham Maslow. New York: Maurice Bassett. Hoffman, E. (2011). The Life and Legacy of Abraham Maslow. Web. Huitt, W. (2007). Maslows hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta. Web. Schultz, D., Ellen, S. (2011). A History of Modern Psychology. New York: Cengage Learning.

Arts & Visual Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arts & Visual Literacy - Essay Example As it can be seen from the image above, the sculpture is a giant concave mirror that reflects the sky. It is made of stainless steel materials that reflect the open sky from its concave part. It sits on white granite that is designed with precision to finish its beauty. This image is a photograph of the sculpture that was installed at the entrance of Oceanographic Museum in Monaco in 2003. However, there are other similar displays that have been installed in the vicinity of most phenomenal monuments, museums and historical public places in various countries. For instance, one similar sculpture was installed at the entrance of Channel Gardens at Rockefeller in 2006. Sky mirror is a symbol of creativity that dominates the design, engineering as well as the science of artworks. The contemporary society is ever changing. The same changes are significantly reflected in the art world as well. For this reason, the design of the mirror is an indication that the aesthetic landscape painting of the 18th century is shifting with the modern waves of change. One element of change in the modern day society is technology. The implication of technology in Sky mirror is evident. Anish Kapoor is a British-Indian. He was born in Mumbai in 1954. He moved to London in the early 1970s. He moved to England to study art and design at Hornsey College of Art and Chelsea School of Art and Design (Allen 1). For the last two decades, the sculpture has developed some of the magnificent artworks. He has also widely exhibited his artworks both in London and internationally. Being of the latest invention of art, Anish Kapoor’s Sky Mirror has not been extensively researched to elaborate. That implies that though the technology driven sculpture is popular in the art world, as the most recognizable and ambitious artwork, the sculpture has not been extensively researched. However, this does not mean the work has not been reviewed. The stripes and the shiny stainless steel

Start a SME use SWOT and Pestle to analysis how it will benifit Essay

Start a SME use SWOT and Pestle to analysis how it will benifit Simventure - Essay Example The mission statement of the company would be â€Å"Best computing solutions in most affordable ways†. In order to achieve this mission, the company has established a vision that specifies the way in which it can act both incrementally and opportunistically. This will aim at providing cheapest products at the best affordable prices. The values that have been devised for the company are as follows: From 1980s, industrialized countries of the world had taken up extensive R&D programs in their computing industry to improve efficiency of this sector and in this regard, U.K. was no exception (Impagliazzo, Lundin and Wangler, 2011). Internationalization of research had largely depended on political factors. It had been observed that, in Britain, the public policy was largely based on privatization and liberalization and R&D in the computing industry there was based on competition (Santangelo, 2002). This means that Jingo can carry out its operations without any public intervention and develop in a competitive manner. In U.K., the technology sector is under a competitive tax regime and is supported by a great infrastructure, which will propel the growth of firms in this sector. This, therefore, will be beneficial for Jingo. The government in U.K. has been actively trying to stimulate its technology sector by three main ways: The inflation rate of U.K. had been recorded to be 2% in December 2013, which indicates that the economy is slowly recovering from recession (Trading Economics, 2014a). The GDP per capita of the country has been recorded at 37849.57 US dollars in 2012 (Trading Economics, 2014b). In the past few years, there has been a steady growth in demand of computer and related products in workplaces, with rise in social and educational status of people. The biggest strength for the company will be the supportive attitude of the government and favourable

Responsibility to Protect Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsibility to Protect - Case Study Example Therefore, the power of the international community has proved impotent while thousands suffer. In September of 2005, the world leaders assembled at the U.N. The largest such gathering of heads of state in history produced the 'responsibility to protect' document in which 150 signatures were attached. The nations of the world agreed "to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the UN Charter ' on a case by case basis and in cooperation with relevant organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate" (Rasul, 2005). Since the end of World War II and the Nazi's implementation of the 'final solution,' the phrase, 'never again' has echoed throughout the world, but genocide has occurred over and over again. The responsibility to protect is an agreement late in coming. It has not curbed the violence in Darfur and its complex implications have not existed without continued debate and controversy. The U.S., in co ncert with all nations of the U.N., is compelled by reasons of human compassion to protect any group from genocide. We are our brother's keeper. We all have the responsibility to protect and support the people of Darfur. The 'Responsibility to Protect' provides that a country cannot refuse assistance or support from other countries when it cannot or will not safeguard its citizens from genocide or other actions deemed as a crime against humanity. All nations' sovereignty is respected as is their ability to conduct their own affairs but this is a qualified condition, not one that is considered absolute. "When peaceful means are exhausted and leaders of a UN member state are 'manifestly failing to protect their populations,' then other states have the responsibility to take collective action through the Security Council" (O'Neill, 2006). In some respects, the concept of "Responsibility to Protect" was founded in the common concern for human rights worldwide, the concept that initiated the formation of the U.N. The Genocide Treaty (1948) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) are manifestations of the U.N.'s founding principles. In the 1960's, the international human rights covenants furth ered this philosophical stance of the U.N. However, these treaties, covenants and resolutions were not effectively enforced. Affected countries argued that their right to national sovereignty superseded the intentions of uninvited intrusion. For many years, the U.N. and others have debated the subject of humanitarian intervention issue regarding the question of when the nations of the world should unite to take military action against a country so as to protect that country's population. Supporters of 'the responsibility to protect' and 'humanitarian intervention' concepts include liberal-minded persons worldwide who encourage the use of military forces to come to the aid of desperate people (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001). However, the questions surrounding the use of force has been of great concern to many especially following the recent 'humanitarian' efforts

Making Solar Energy Economical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Making Solar Energy Economical - Essay Example With the realization of this inefficiency, current manufacturers are manufacturing solar cells with an improved efficiency through laying the cells into multi-layers that has the ability to push the efficiency to about 35%. Using nanotechnology, engineering of solar energy generation devices can make structures on sizes that are comparable to molecules and atoms that are measured in nanometers whereby nanocrystals from the elements selenium and lead are utilized (Beard et al. 2506). The technology improves the inadequacy presented by standard cells that produce useless excess heat and less impact while the Lead-Selenium nanocrystals release further electrons rather than heat thus boosting the output, which can also be replicated in Silicon. With the use of nanocrystals technology, the efficiency of the generation of solar energy can use efficiencies of up to 60% and therefore engineering technologies are required to integrate nanocrystal cells in transmitting energy in a circuit (Bea rd et al. 2512). How to Make Solar Energy Economical The use of new materials for solar cells can help in the reduction of fabrication costs that has a positive impact in reducing the costs of solar energy and making its implementation for generation of electricity economical (Lewis 799). The purity of the material is important, as modern solar cell designs require higher purity content in order to make the flow of electric charges be seamless. To achieve this, manufacturers will be required to use thick materials in one dimension to absorb sunlight and thinner materials in another direction to transmit the charges which would require that the solar cells are made of nanorods or tiny...This essay outlines the growing importance of the solar energy among other sources and determines the factors, that will ensure larger electrical generation based on solar energy conversion. Solar power is usually generated by collecting the light spectrums from sunlight and converting them to energy in the form of electricity using solar panels that have cells in them. Solar energy forms an integral part of the supply of energy to human beings and the earth in general. The contribution of the sun to the energy requirements of the earth is substantial despite the fact that it has not been taken up by most people and forms only a fraction of the energy consumption market. In order to make solar energy economically competitive, there is need for those tasked with the manufacture of solar technology devices to improve the efficiency of the cells in commercial solar cells as well as lower their costs of manufacture. The use of new materials for solar cells can help in the reduction of fabrication costs that has a positive impact in reducing the costs of solar energy and making its implementation for generation of electricity economical Despite the fact that technology may help in the production of solar cells that generate cheap and efficient electricity, it would be uneconomical if the solar energy generated is not stored. The need for storage of electricity generated from solar has been necessitated by the fact that not all the days will the earth receive sunlight as this may be blocked by clouds or darkness at night.

Efficiency of the Anti-HPV Vaccination Campaign

Efficiency of the Anti-HPV Vaccination Campaign Was the anti HPV vaccination campaign sufficiently organized? Abstract The fight against cervical cancer through vaccination and screening brings an important long-term benefit in controlling and decreasing this type of cancer. The purposes and objectives of the research were followed by a questionnaire composed of 6 questions that follows the awareness on primary prevention through vaccination of cervical cancer, of 484 parents whose children were recommended to get vaccinations. The results highlighted that although people did not know the benefits, contraindications, possible adverse reactions, and also the international use of the vaccine in a big number, they participated in taking a decision about vaccination of their own children anyway. The faulty organisation of these campaigns bring prejudicial actions of the vaccination campaigns, generally by forcing people to take decisions without the adequate information. Introduction The increased incidence of the neoplastic disorder occurrences, the high rate of their complications, their medical-surgical emergency appearance that they have and last but not least , the high cost of the treatment and the likelihood of recurrence that are aspects that highlight the medical world. Therefore, in recent years, efforts have been directed towards determining the precise pathogenesis, detection of the risk factors and the application of effective methods of prevention[1-4]. There are two elements of the application of effective prophylaxis against cervical cancer screening, through early identification of dysplastic changes and vaccination, which together lead to a cumulative reduction in the risk of cervical cancer up to 94%, fact that is calculated on advanced mathematical models . [5] The fight against cervical cancer has an advantage represented by the discovery and involvement in the etiology of this type of cancer: Human papilloma virus infection (HPV). The knowle dge of one of the etiological factors of this condition can lead us to implement an effective prevention strategy that brings significant long-term benefits in controlling and decreasing number of cases of cervical cancer. Because vaccination actions need to have a significant impact on the population, it is necessary to fulfil two conditions: first, vaccination should include a larger number of people and secondary, the existence of a competent immune system in people vaccinated, enabling the production of a effective titer of antibodies anti HPV.[6,7]. At the same time, the success of a vaccination campaign can be reflected in the number of people who approved the vaccination and is even more successful if there was a full and proper public information about the importance of this medical act that is performed.[8] The purpose and objectives of the research The research is aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of primary prevention by vaccinating for cervical cancer of people, that, at a certain point, were put in position to take a decision for administering it to their children or not. Material and Methods To accomplish this work, we developed a number of 6 questions grouped in a questionnaire, which was applied to a sample of 484 people, respectively parents of schoolgirls in grades V-IX, in January June 2010. The questionnaire was used to collect data relating to the information held by the interviewees on the primary prevention of cervical cancer vaccination. The batch included people of the city of Brasov, from General School no. 12 and from Nicolae Titulescu High School, but also from the rural areas from the General School of Hălchiu and General School of Satu Nou. The respondents were chosen randomly, every third person being selected from the ones that attended the parent meetings of those years. At the beginning of the meeting, people were instructed on how to properly complete the questionnaire. Initially 492 questionnaires were completed, of which we selected 484, 8 of them being excluded for various reasons (incomplete, unclear, unlysed). Results Characterization study group From the sample studied, 308(64%) were female and 176(36%) remaining were males, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. STRUCTURE OF THE ANALYSED GROUP BY GENDER The average age of the group is 45 years, with minimum 30 years and maximum of 60 years. Framing parents in the age groups mentioned in the questionnaire can be viewed in Figure 2. Figure 2. STRUCTURE OF THE ANALYSED GROUP BY AGE Most parents of students in classes V to IX have elementary education, respectively 310 of them, and only one third have completed high school. The remaining 16 have a university degree. Graphical format depending on education level is found in Figure 3. Figure 3. STRUCTURE OF THE ANALYSED GROUP BASED ON THE EDUCATION LEVEL Of the 484 people surveyed, 246(51%) of them are from urban areas and 238(49%) in rural areas, aspect illustrated in Figure 4 Figure 4. STRUCTURE OF THE ANALYSED GROUP BASED ON THE DOMICILE The results of the completed questionnaire In taking a decision, it is extremely important to understand the action and the purpose of the action, so the answers on this issue in the perspective of parents are shown in Table 1 and Figure 5 Table 1. THE GOALS OF VACCINATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF PARENTS Regarding the awareness of the parents about the international use of the vaccine, 291(60,1%) of the respondents were not informed about it and 3(0,6%) parents have failed to respond to results, results found in Figure 6. Figure 6. THE AWARENESS OF THE PARENTS ABOUT INTERNATIONAL USE OF THE VACCINE Regarding the knowledge of the benefits of vaccination of the parents surveyed 148(30,5%) responded affirmative, 321(66,3%) negative and 15(3,2%) gave no response, these issues are exposed in Figure 7. Figure 7. KNOWLEDGE OF THE BENEFITS OF VACCINATION Contraindications and adverse reactions following vaccination, after evaluating the results of the questionnaire were listed as respondents as: unknown by 392(81%), known by 89(18%), and three parents(1%) who avoided to respond as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8. KNOWLEDGE OF CONTRAINDICATIONS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS A further question is aimed to outline a personal assessment on the perception of the level of knowledge on the subject of the anti-HPV vaccination. Most people surveyed, precisely 412 parents(85%) admitted that they do not have enough information to take a decision on HPV vaccination, 72(15%) felt they possess the necessary knowledge as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9. THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE SUBJECT OF THE ANTI-HPV VACCINATION The last question was aimed at identifying the number of respondents who would recommend carrying out the vaccination of their children. 256(53%) of the respondents refused vaccination, while 222(46%) took part in the vaccination campaign, 6(1%) of them abstained or failed to respond, aspect illustrated in Figure 10. Figure 10. THE INTENTION OF CARRYING OUT THE VACCINATION OF THEIR CHILDREN Discussions The evaluation of the responses of the parents of the schoolgirls classes V to IX have highlighted a clear disparity between the quantity and quality of information held by them in respect of the anti-HPV vaccine and the decision, often unfavourable to participate in the vaccination campaign. The lot that was questioned consisted predominantly of women (64%), the average age of the group is 45 years, half residing in rural areas and half in urban areas. The aim of vaccination was found to protect against a deadly disease and vaccine testing in a proportion of 42% and 46%, which reveals from the beginning that the true objective of performing a vaccination campaign, namely the protection of persons target is unknown by the public. Moreover, for the respondent it is unknown that before marketing a vaccine and releasing it to the general public, there are carried out numerous clinical studies beforehand, whose results support or on contrary, they preclude the type of vaccine widely targeted populations for whom it is addressed. To not neglect the view of 10% of the respondents consider that it is strictly a business of the Ministry of Health. The fact that the vaccine is already used internationally is only known by 39% of its respondents. Knowing this was a beneficial aspect by example, illustrating the fact that other countries administers this vaccine for several years. The knowledge of the characteristics of a vaccine and related benefits, contraindications and / or possible side effects associated with vaccination could cause people to whom it is addressed pertinent to make a decision in favour of or against its implementation. The group to whom questions were addressed regarding this issue, has shown that up to 66% did not know the beneficial aspects of implementation of the vaccine and 81% were not informed of any contraindications and side effects that may occur. The questions were intended to highlight if the population that was asked to take a decision to consider vaccination that is sufficiently informed or not. 84% of respondents admit they do not have sufficient arguments for or against vaccinations. The last question was aimed to highlight the proportion of people who recommend vaccinating their own children in the context of knowing more or less the vaccination aspects. Interpretation of the results highlighted that 53% of the people do not wish to participate in the campaign. Conclusion In general, the aspects of vaccination are little known and this is more clear in the context of a fast ongoing campaign with lack of adequate information by any means (media, fliers, specialists). The group surveyed demonstrated that although they did not know the benefits, contraindications, adverse reactions possible, the international use of the vaccine, in a big proportion , they participated in taking a decision about immunizing their children. The success of such campaigns are ensured only through a rigorous organization involving all those entitled (specialists, family physicians, media) that provide pertinent information related to all aspects associated to the medical vaccination so that the decisions (positive or negative) are being acknowledged. In the opposite event it is a guaranteed failure, parents are forced to take important decisions about the future health of their children, without having minimum knowledge related to vaccination. Paradoxically, the majority of th e parents surveyed refused vaccination, although they acknowledged that their decision is not based on medical reasons. A organisation like this one may have faulty remote effects and in time to see an increase that is more accentuated (because it is already manifesting) and the refusal of vaccinations in general.

Eliminating Evil in Thomas Mores Utopia Essay -- Philosophy

Eliminating Evil in Thomas More's Utopia Thomas More's Utopia is in many ways a very hopeful book; it implies that humans can be good if put in the right environment. Many people would argue that this could never happen; that the inequalities and injustices in our world are a product of human nature. Thomas More however would argue that rather than being a product of human nature, they are a product of the corruption within society. Thomas More believed that although humans may be inherently evil, if put in the right environment this tendency can be corrected. He develops the idea of the right environment; it is Utopia, a place where people are honest and equal because of the way that society is structured. Utopia is as close to the ideal society as possible because it assumes and accepts that its inhabitants are not perfect; the starting premise of the society is that human nature is dishonest and selfish. The laws in Utopia are constructed in a manner that makes immoral action absurd. Schools and the everyday structure of life are used to educate its population to think morally without even questioning it. Utopia operates on the assumption that people have and will always act in their own best interests and, then, the laws and institutions create a climate where the best interests of the community as a whole also correspond to those of the individual. Thomas More was an extremely religious person and this can clearly be seen in the way that he structures the laws and everyday life of Utopia. Using this organization he effectively eliminates all seven of the deadly sins, because of their absence Utopian society shapes its citizens to be upstanding people and obey the many rules without resentment. It does this by making ... ..., greed and envy with the abolishment of private property. He then rids Utopian society of gluttony with the way that they eat their meals, and sloth with hard work and a well-structured day. Finally he gets rid of wrath and lust with the Utopians policies surrounding war and marriage. All of these morals are reinforced by more laws than just those listed above; such as how the rules about politics also stop people from being greedy. The plethora of rules and structure built into Utopian society may seem excessive but every one of them serves its purpose and causes the Utopians to act morally. In essence, in Utopia a citizen must make a choice: would one rather live in a society full of corruption, poverty, death and inequality or in one with many rules, some of which even hinder people's personal freedoms but where everyone is well-fed, treated fairly and equal.

Management Communications with Technology Tools

Managing organizational change and improvement is one of the most complex tasks of leadership. Leaders need to understand the change process in order to lead and manage change and improvement efforts effectively. Leaders must learn to overcome barriers and cope with the chaos that naturally exists during the complex process of change. Managers and other organizational leaders should assist workers and other stakeholders build effective teams by developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and developing new organizational structures and creating a shared vision that focuses on mission accomplishment and attainable objectives. When such inspired and informed leadership is applied, organizations can improve performance. As noted by Harrison (1993) use of the process-oriented approach to managerial decision making with its strong managerial emphasis and its objectives-oriented outcomes is the model recommended for decisions with discernible levels of uncertainty attendant on the outcome. Such decisions include those made at middle and upper levels of management both in the private and the public sectors where the consequences are of high levels of significance to the total organization. Included in this category are all decisions of a strategic nature and those involving appreciable commitments of resources directed towards the long-term enhancement of the corporation or institution. â€Å"The process model is ideal for these kinds of decision because it is forward looking in that it has a planning emphasis not apparent in the other models of decision making. The process model is oriented towards innovation and organizational change with a particular emphasis on long-term results. It relies principally on the judgment of the decision maker, but not to the exclusion of computation or compromise to fit special decision-making situations† (Harrison, 1993). According to Alexa Michael (2009) â€Å"a company needs accurate, reliable and timely information on performance, which must flow up through an organization regularly. It should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term†. One solution for managing organizational change and improvement according to David Blanchard (2009) â€Å"is developing a set of highly descriptive key performance indicators (KPIs) that include precise times, quantities and other numerical measurements so that everyone is on the same page about what it will take to achieve acceptable on-time, accurate and cost-effective performance levels†. Using a range of KPIs that include financial and non-financial measures to gauge how successful the business is in achieving its goals will improve its performance. The KPIs should be simple, easy to measure and focused on the long term. A company also needs to address the issue of cash-flow management. Managing cash-flow variability tops the agenda for most companies. â€Å"Identifying and fixing friction points that hinder operating capital as it flows across the balance sheet from inventory and payables to accounts receivable† (Driscoll, 2009) is an organizational change critical to a company’s long-term viability. Another organizational change for improvement is the idea of Lean Performance Improvement. Successful lean performance improvement initiatives have front-line workers generating, processing and implementing ideas. Using the high-performance idea system front-line employees drive the lean improvement process with regular and ongoing engagement with daily problems and opportunities. With successful organizational change a company can use this process-focused approach to build their own lean culture. Harrison (1993) tells us that â€Å"the components of the decision-making process for the process model are the functions of decision making which include setting managerial objectives, searching for alternatives, comparing and evaluating alternatives, the act of choice, implementing the decision, and following up and controlling the decision. The process model with its managerial emphasis drawing selectively on the disciplines of economics, mathematics, statistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, anthropology and law. The process model’s objective-oriented outcome approach best allows for successful adaptation of organizational change leading to long-term success†. The implementation strategy for the organizational change that includes the introduction of key performance indicators (KPIs), lean performance initiatives and cash-flow management will be both top-down and bottom-up. Clear communication that brings employees of all levels on board with the changes being made and how it affects them and the future of their company and job must be made. Ensuring that all stakeholders understand that they have a say in the success of their company and therefore increased success for themselves is paramount. The KPIs will be both financial and non-financial. KPIs will be used to monitor factors that are known to create value within the business. KPIs will help ensure that the following things are in place, â€Å"products and services that are attractive to consumers both now and in the future, clear objectives that are communicated properly to the workforce, desires for continuous improvement, useful management information and effective financial control, efficient services and distribution, good, well-informed managers, and regulatory compliance with minimum disruption to organizational routines† (Michael, 2009). Developing and using a checklist to monitor and asses these key performance indicators will be done. The checklist will be a series of questions that properly answered will help determine whether or not the company is getting value from their business and will eliminate a problem identified by Roger Chevalier (2009) in his article about analyzing performance where part of the problem with the performance was that â€Å"expectations for performance are unclear†. Answering the questions yes or no for both now and in the future will help look at the factors that can improve or destroy the value of the business. Questions such as, â€Å"spreading your buying/selling contracts too widely over time, hostage to one or two buying/selling contracts or customers/suppliers, sure your purchase/sales order books are firm and go forward far enough, buying/selling on a growing/declining trend in real terms, buying/selling any products at a loss, using cross-selling and up-selling techniques to improve sales, monitoring whether your purchases arrive on time and are of the right quality to meet your manufacturing schedules, satisfied that your suppliers’ terms, and your own terms to customers, are competitive, aware of the financial implications of your pricing policy, loyal to good customers/suppliers, scheduling orders to obtain better terms, developing your competitive position, fostering your company’s reputation and brand values, developing your business processes to create more value, enhancing staff skills to improve your competitive advantage† (Michael, 2009). Another strategy to implement that overlaps with the key performance indicators will be the lean performance improvement initiatives. â€Å"A successful lean implementation will result in various operational and financial improvements. Operational improvements include higher quality and productivity as well as lower nonproductive capacity and lead times. Some financial improvements realized from a successful lean implementation include increased cash flows, lower inventory levels, and lower costs† (Searcy, 2009). Successful lean performance improvement initiatives generate significant front-line involvement in identifying and implementing opportunities for improvement. As noted by Robinson and Schroeder (2009) in these initiatives ideas are integrated into everyday work, the emphasis is on small ideas, front-line performance metrics focus ideas on what is important, and both managers and workers are held accountable for their roles in the idea process. The strategy for implementing change with regard to the issue of cash-flow management will focus on forecasting as the key activity to improve. The forecasting of cash outflows and cash inflows both need to be accurate. According to Mary Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the bent of the typical finance function which tends to be accounting-oriented, concentrated on the accurate recording of journal entries and the consolidation of data from across the enterprise for statutory and management reporting†. Also according to the article by Driscoll (2009) â€Å"the key to cash-flow forecasting was more accurate demand forecasts†. Consideration of successful measurement techniques with the key performance indicators (KPIs) will be whether or not the business added value. Use the KPIs to ensure that the selling price covers costs of production and promotion. Use the KPIs to help the business work more closely with customers and suppliers to ensure a competitive advantage (Michael, 2009). Successful measurement of the lean performance improvement initiatives can be achieved by measuring employee morale and productivity. â€Å"Pyromation decided to integrate problem-identification and idea-generation into the regular work of front-line employees. Idea boards were set up, supervisors were trained in idea-meeting facilitation, and weekly shop-floor idea meetings were scheduled. In this way, front-line workers were given the opportunity to use the tools and techniques of lean production that they had been taught. The resulting stream of improvement ideas made an enormous difference. In two years, productivity increased by a third, lead-time was cut by 60 percent, and late deliveries were reduced by 70 percent† (Robinson and Schroeder, 2009). Successful measurement of the strategy for implementing change to cash-flow management will result in ensuring that â€Å"all managers understand that, in addition to the importance of earning a return on investments, the company needs steady cash flow to support operations and our credit position† (Driscoll, 2009). Ensuring the accuracy of cash in-flow estimates will require greater cooperation between management in getting speedy and precise analyses regarding booked sales that can be counted on as income and asking about sales pipelines, pricing, marketing effectiveness and channel viability. The internal revenue growth assumptions will need to be examined closely to ensure accuracy. If the internal numbers do not match industry outlooks the companies position will need to be reevaluated to ensure that it is not taking on a risky position. Managing organizational change and improvement requires leaders themselves to change. The leaders will have to bring in all stakeholders within the company into the management process. The leaders that overcome the barriers that traditional leadership throughout industry has always had in place will succeed in developing new organizational structures that create a shared vision focusing on the mission of the business. The shared vision in turn will improve the performance of the business which in turn increases the viability of the business. Working with the process model today’s leadership can eliminate the old management style of top-down leadership that did not value or effectively utilize the experience and front-line vision of its front-line employees. The process model can also be effectively used within the upper management as they improve the cash flow management of the business. Going beyond the traditional role of the accounting office and interacting with management from sales and production will enable cash flow analysis that carefully examines cash in-flow as well as cash out-flow creating a more solid financial picture of the business. This enhanced view of the balance ledger will enable the business to be better protected financially during turbulent business cycles. Identifying Key Metrics in Performance Measurement of Organizational Change ultimately involves more than just examining numbers on a data sheet. Those kinds of metrics, numbers on a data sheet, are valuable, but only within the context of the environment that they come from. The metrics that measure the human element are still the most important. The key performance indicators (KPIs), the lean performance improvement initiatives and the cash flow analysis all still require the human element to be useful.